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1 Carbonates as geohazards

Published: 21 Mar 2019, 12:27 p.m. Revised: 5 Sep 2019, 2:22 p.m.

Limestones are marine sediments composed principally of calcium carbonate, which dissolves easily in weak acids. Because they require water in order to accumulate, when carbonate sediments or rocks become exposed to atmospheric conditions, deposition stops. However, their reactivity means that they can quickly become modified – usually by chemical weathering processes that are collectively called ‘karstification’.